Are computer-controlled pianos a reliable tool in music performance research? Recording and reproduction precision of a Yamaha Disklavier grand piano

In this study, a Yamaha Disklavier is tested on its measuring and reproducing capabilities, with the goal to examine its use in performance research. An experimental setup with accelerometers and a calibrated microphone is used to capture key and hammer movements, as well as the sound signal. Five selected keys are played by pianists with two types of touch (‘staccato – legato’). Timing and dynamic differences between the original performance, the corresponding MIDI file recorded by a Disklavier, and its reproduction are analysed. Information of the MIDI file was more precise than the reproduction by the Disklavier. Timing errors are larger for soft tones and hammer velocities higher than 3.5 m/s could not be reproduced by the solenoids.